English. Let`s start speaking… бесплатное чтение
© Алена Гюндюз, 2025
ISBN 978-5-0065-6592-0
Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero
Слово автора
Дорогие читатели, преподаватели и родители!
Вы держите в руках не просто учебник, а ключ к живому, настоящему английскому языку. Этот труд – результат многих лет исследований, преподавания и глубокого понимания того, что язык – это не просто слова и грамматические правила. Это способ мышления, культура, традиции и история народа.
Я разработала Метод Лингвистического Анализа (МЛА), чтобы обучение английскому стало естественным, увлекательным и глубоким. Он поможет вам почувствовать язык, а не просто учить его, проникнуть в его суть и заговорить легко и уверенно.
Если вы – ученик или взрослый, изучающий язык, этот учебник станет вашим верным проводником в мир английской речи, помогая быстро освоить основы и научиться выражать свои мысли свободно. Если вы – преподаватель, МЛА поможет вам привнести в обучение новизну и эффективность, сделать уроки более интересными и осмысленными. Если вы – родитель, этот метод позволит вам обучить ребёнка живому разговорному английскому, пробудив в нём интерес к языку через сказки, литературу и увлекательные примеры.
Этот учебник – не просто сборник упражнений, а толчок к полному погружению в английскую культурную среду. Вы не просто выучите язык, вы начнёте думать на нём, чувствовать его и использовать естественно в общении.
Я верю, что каждый может овладеть английским языком, если подойти к обучению с душой и вдохновением. Пусть этот учебник станет для вас другом и проводником в этот удивительный мир!
С любовью к языку и культуре,Алена Погодина Гюндюз
Схема логического сопоставления:
Главное – развитие навыков речи через повторение, мышление и анализ. Не бойтесь делать ошибки, запомните: Ошибки – ключ к опыту!
Первый этап в обучении – Аудирование как ключ к фонетическому знанию:
Для достижения успехов в произношении после прослушивания аудиоматериалов повторите услышанную фразу, стараясь максимально точно воспроизвести звуки, следя за интонацией, ритмом голоса и паузами. Повторяйте до тех пор, пока не почувствуете результат.
Второй этап – Логическое Анализирование (ЛА):
Для понимания структуры языка и национального мышления народности-носителя данного языка, необходимо ЛА в выстраивании связей между субъектами предложения. Таким образом, поняв позиции П (признак) + С (субьект), Д (действие) и +В (второстепенное), возникнет понимание структуры мышления на этом языке и как результат вы научитесь самостоятельно, на подсознательном уровне, выстраивать логическую цепочку и развивать грамотную речь.
Третий (заключительный) этап – развитие разговорных навыков через расширение лексического запаса.
На данном этапе самое важное – это понять историю языка через его культурные особенности и историю страны, где он был создан. Этот этап очень важен для формирования твердых навыков и понимания культурного и мировоззренческого аспекта народа-носителя данного языка, что является ключом к пониманию души народа и его культурного развития.
Успехов Вам в обретении Знаний!
Outcome at the End of this book
Mastery of the alphabet, pronunciation, and basic expressions.
Ability to introduce oneself, ask simple questions, and understand basic sentences.
Cultural understanding through short literary works and discussions.
Confidence in speaking and listening through interactive activities.
Introduction to the Language
Lesson 1: Alphabet and Pronunciation
Pronounce each letter aloud, focusing on challenging sounds.
Essential English Phrases for Daily Communication
Learn essential English phrases for daily interactions, including time-specific greetings, polite expressions, and basic conversation starters. These fundamental phrases will help you navigate everyday social situations.
Understanding and using proper greetings is crucial in English-speaking cultures. These phrases form the foundation of polite communication and can make a significant difference in both personal and professional settings. Remember that tone and body language are just as important as the words themselves.
Remember
I walk /
He walks You sing /
She sings We dance /
They dance
Expressions for Polite Requests and Responses
Mastering polite requests and responses is crucial for smooth communication. To make a request, use phrases like «Could you please…?» or «Would you be so kind as to…?». The response «Yes, of course» or «No problem» demonstrates your willingness to help. If you can’t fulfill the request, politely explain why and offer an alternative solution. Practice using these expressions in various scenarios to improve your communication skills.
Basic Phrases for Introductions
My name is… —
Used to introduce yourself. For example: «My name is Olga.»
1.
What’s your name? —
A polite way to ask someone’s name.
2.
I’m from… —
Indicates where you are from. For example: «I’m from Russia.»
3.
Where are you from? —
A less formal version of asking someone’s origin.
4.
Nice to meet you! —
Expresses joy at meeting someone.
5.
How old are you? —
A formal way to ask someone’s age.
6.
I’m… years old —
An answer to a question about age. For example: «I’m 25 years old.»
7.
What do you do? —
A question about someone’s profession or occupation.
8.
I work as a… —
Used to answer a question about work. For example: «I work as a doctor.»
9.
I’m studying at… —
A phrase to indicate a place of study.
Mastering these basic phrases will help you navigate everyday conversations with confidence. You can also use them as building blocks for more engaging interactions.
To make your conversations more lively and interesting, consider asking questions like: «What are you doing?» or «What’s your favorite book?» To show your interest in the other person, ask about their hobbies or what they’re passionate about.
Remember, a key element of successful communication is politeness. So, even if you don’t know how to answer a question or how to continue a conversation, you can always say: «Sorry, but I don’t know.» or «That’s an interesting question, let me think.»
These phrases will show that you respect the person and want to continue the conversation.
Introducing Yourself
Dialogue 1: Basic Introduction
Person A: Hello! What’s your name?
Person B: Hi! My name is …. What’s your name?
Person A: My name is …. Where are you from?
Person B: I am from …. And you?
Person A: I am from …. Nice to meet you!
Person B: Nice to meet you too!
Dialogue 2: Talking About Likes
Person A: What do you like to do?
Person B: I like to …. And you?
Person A: I like to (play music/watch movies).
Person B: That’s interesting!
Create your own dialogue, Practice with your friend!
Describing a Person
Dialogue 3: Describing Someone
Person A: Who is this?
Person B: This is my friend. Her name is Anna.
Person A: What does she look like?
Person B: She is tall and has brown hair.
Person A: What does she like to do?
Person B: She likes to paint and read books.
Dialogue 4: Guess the Person
Person A: I will describe someone. Try to guess!
Person B: Okay!
Person A: He is very tall and has a long beard. He always carries a big stick.
Person B: Is it a wizard?
Person A: Yes!
Describing an Object
Dialogue 5: Describing an Object
Person A: What is this?
Person B: This is a book.
Person A: What color is it?
Person B: It is red and has gold letters.
Person A: What is it about?
Person B: It is about a magical adventure.
Dialogue 6: Guess the Object
Person A: I will describe something. You guess!
Person B: Alright!
Person A: It is round, orange, and you can eat it.
Person B: Is it an orange?
Person A: Yes!
Days of the Week and Time Expressions
Days of the Week
Standard Order:
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday
Common Abbreviations:
Mon, Tues, Wed, Thurs, Fri, Sat, Sun
Useful Phrases:
– «See you on Monday!»
– «The meeting is scheduled for Wednesday.»
– «The shop is closed on Sundays.»
Time Expressions
Past Time:
yesterday, last week, last month, the day before yesterday, last year
Present Time:
today, this morning, this afternoon, tonight, now, at the moment
Future Time:
tomorrow, next week, next month, the day after tomorrow, next year
Parts of the Day:
morning, afternoon, evening, night
Example Sentences
Past: – «I went to the park yesterday.» – «We had a meeting last Tuesday.» – «She visited her grandmother last week.»
Present: – «I am studying English this morning.» – «They are having lunch at the moment.» – «We are in class right now.»
Future: – «I will study tomorrow.» – «The concert is next Saturday.» – «We’re going on vacation next month.»
Common Phrases with Time
«What day is it today?»
«Have a nice weekend!»
«See you next week!»
«Same time tomorrow?»
«Are you free on Friday?»
Practice Activities:
Days and Time
Activity 1: Arrange the Days
Start from any day and arrange the full week
Arrange only weekdays or weekend days
Say what day comes before/after
Activity 2: Fill in the Blanks
Provide sentences with missing words for students to complete:
«_____ is the day after Monday.» (Tuesday)
«We have a lesson on _____.»
«The weekend starts on _____.» (Saturday)
«The first day of the week is _____.» (Sunday)
«_____ comes between Wednesday and Friday.» (Thursday)
Activity 3: Matching Game
Match time expressions with sentences:
«Yesterday» → «I played soccer.»
«Tomorrow» → «I will go shopping.»
«Next week» → «We are going on vacation.»
«Last month» → «They moved to a new house.»
«Tonight» → «We’re having dinner with friends.»
Activity 4: Time Expression Chain
«Yesterday I went to school.»
«Today I am studying English.»
«Tomorrow I will play basketball.»
«Next week I’m going to visit my grandmother.»
Activity 5: Weekly Schedule Creation
Create your ideal week schedule using days and time expressions:
Example schedule entries:
«On Monday mornings, I go swimming.»
«Every Wednesday afternoon, I have music class.»
«During the weekend, I spend time with my family.»
Words and phrases for dialogue
Words you’ll need in everyday life
Cafe
A cozy cafe where you can enjoy coffee and pastries.
People
Friends, couples, and groups of people enjoying their
time at the cafe.
Autumn
The season of fall, with its vibrant colors and crisp air.
Smiles
Smiling faces, reflecting the friendly conversations and
warm atmosphere.
Table
A small table outside, perfect for enjoying the autumn
weather.
Drinks
Coffee, tea, and hot chocolate, all perfect for warming up
on a chilly day.
Atmosphere
The cafe has a warm, cozy, and welcoming atmosphere.
Lighting
Soft lamplight, candles, and a warm glow that creates a
relaxing ambiance.
Sign
A menu board on the street, advertising the cafe’s
offerings.
Flowers
Flower pots and autumn bouquets add a touch of beauty
to the cafe’s decor.
Vocabulary for describing a cafe and its atmosphere
Facade
The cafe’s exterior, showcasing its
signs, decorations, and inviting
windows.
Window
Large windows that offer a glimpse
into the cafe’s cozy and inviting
interior.
Display case
A glass cabinet showcasing
tempting pastries and desserts
that entice passersby.
Decor
Decorative elements that add
charm and personality to the cafe,
creating a unique and welcoming
atmosphere.
Lamp / Lantern
Street lighting, such as vintage
street lamps, that enhance the
cafe’s ambiance and create a
warm, inviting glow.
Menu
A board displaying the cafe’s
offerings or a traditional menu,
tempting patrons with delicious
options.
Interior
The cafe’s interior design, often
featuring wooden shelves and floral
arrangements, creating a cozy and
inviting space.
Soft light
Pleasant lighting that creates a
cozy and inviting atmosphere,
perfect for relaxing and enjoying a
warm beverage.
Tile
Tiles on the floor or walls, adding a
touch of style and sophistication to
the cafe’s overall design.
Corner
A cozy corner in the cafe, offering a comfortable spot to
relax, enjoy the atmosphere, and savor a delicious treat.
Warmth
The warmth from the lighting, conversation, and the
overall atmosphere of the cafe, creating a sense of
comfort and well-being.
Vocabulary for describing autumn nature
Leaf fall
A graceful cascade of leaves creates a mesmerizing
carpet of vibrant hues on the ground.
Leaves
Autumn leaves, ablaze in shades of fiery red, golden
yellow, and rich orange, transform the landscape into a
vibrant canvas.
Trees
Trees, adorned with autumn foliage, stand as majestic
sentinels, framing the cafe and adding a touch of nature’s
artistry.
Orange color
Autumn’s signature color, infusing the leaves, flowers, and
even the cafe’s atmosphere with warmth and vibrancy.
Coolness
The crisp, refreshing air of autumn invigorates the senses,
promising a season of tranquility and beauty.
Scarf
A cozy scarf, a comforting accessory for the autumn
season, offering both warmth and a touch of stylish
elegance.
Sweater
A plush sweater, perfect for the cool autumn weather,
provides warmth and comfort, making every moment a
cozy delight.
Coat
A light coat or jacket, a versatile companion for autumn’s
unpredictable weather, offering both style and
protection.
Umbrella
An umbrella, a practical shield against autumn’s
occasional showers, adds a touch of color and charm to
the scene.
Autumn wind
A gentle autumn wind whispers through the leaves,
creating a soothing symphony of nature’s beauty.
Vocabulary for describing people and their interactions
Patrons
Those who visit the cafe, enjoying coffee, pastries, and
good company.
Waiter
The person who serves the patrons, taking orders and
delivering drinks and snacks.
Chat
Engaging in friendly conversations and catching up over
coffee.
Laugh
Sharing laughter, smiles, and joy, creating a warm and
welcoming atmosphere.
Understanding
Expressing empathy and understanding, fostering a
sense of connection.
Meeting
A gathering of friends, a long-awaited meeting filled with
catching up and shared memories.
Memories
Recalling past experiences, discussing pleasant moments
and creating new ones.
Conversation
Engaging in conversations about work, travel, news, and
other topics.
Care
Showing care and attention to each other, creating a
supportive and friendly environment.
Enjoy
Savor the moment, the atmosphere, and the company,
appreciating the simple pleasures of life.
Vocabulary for describing food and drinks
Coffee
Popular coffee beverages such as latte, cappuccino,
espresso, and Americano, perfect for a cozy cafe
experience.
Tea
A wide variety of teas, including green, black, and herbal
tea, all perfect for enjoying in a cozy cafe.
Hot chocolate
A warm and comforting drink, perfect for chilly autumn
days, providing a delightful warm embrace.
Pastry
Delectable desserts and sweet treats, perfect for
indulging in alongside a cup of coffee or tea.
Bun
Cinnamon rolls and other fresh-baked goods, a classic
cafe treat that satisfies your sweet cravings.
Cake
Small cakes and pies, adding a touch of sweetness and
elegance to your cafe experience.
Muffin
Small muffins, a convenient and tasty snack perfect for a
quick and satisfying bite.
Sandwich
Light and filling sandwiches, a perfect option for a quick
and satisfying bite to eat.
Cream
A delightful addition to coffee or hot chocolate, adding a
touch of richness and sweetness to your drink.
Spices
Cinnamon, cardamom, and other spices often used in
autumn drinks, adding a touch of warmth and flavor,
making them perfect for the season.
Basic Greetings and Phrases
1. Hello – A common way to greet someone. Example: «Hello, nice to meet you!»
2. Hi – An informal version of «Hello.» Example: «Hi, how’s it going?»
3. Good morning – A greeting used in the morning, before noon. Example: «Good morning! Would you like some coffee?»
4. Good afternoon – A greeting used in the afternoon, after noon and before evening. Example: «Good afternoon, welcome to the meeting.»
5. Good evening – A greeting used in the evening, typically after 5 PM. Example: «Good evening, thank you for coming to dinner.»
6. Goodbye – A word used when leaving or ending a conversation. Example: «Goodbye, have a nice day!»
7. See you later – A casual way to say «Goodbye,» implying you’ll meet again. Example: «See you later at the party!»
8. Please – A polite word used when making a request. Example: «Please pass the salt.»
9. Thank you – An expression of gratitude. Example: «Thank you for your help.»
10. You’re welcome – A polite response to «Thank you.» Example: «You’re welcome, it was my pleasure.»
11. Yes – Used to agree or affirm something. Example: «Yes, I would love to join you.»
12. No – Used to disagree or deny something. Example: «No, I’m afraid I can’t make it today.»
13. Excuse me – A polite way to get someone’s attention or apologize for interrupting. Example: «Excuse me, could you tell me the time?»
14. Sorry – An expression used to apologize for a mistake. Example: «Sorry, I didn’t mean to bump into you.»
15. How are you? – A common question to ask about someone’s well-being. Example: «Hi John, how are you?»
16. I’m fine, thank you. – A standard response to «How are you?» Example: «I’m fine, thank you. How about you?»
17. What’s your name? – A question asking for someone’s name. Example: «Hello, what’s your name?»
18. My name is… – A way to introduce yourself by name. Example: «My name is Sarah.»
19. Where are you from? – A question to ask about someone’s place of origin. Example: «Where are you from? I notice you have an interesting accent.»
20. I’m from… – A way to state your place of origin. Example: «I’m from Canada, specifically Toronto.»
Additional Casual Greetings
Hey – Very informal greeting, use only with friends
What’s up? – Informal way to ask how someone is doing
How’s it going? – Casual way to ask about someone’s well-being
Long time no see – Used when meeting someone you haven’t seen in a while
Take care – A friendly way to say goodbye
Practice Scenarios
Scenario 1: Meeting someone for the first time
Person A: «Hello, I’m John. Nice to meet you!»
Person B: «Hi John, I’m Sarah. Nice to meet you too!»
Person A: «Where are you from, Sarah?»
Person B: «I’m from Australia. How about you?»
Comprehension Questions for Scenario 1:
What are the names of the two people in the conversation?
Which country is Sarah from?
What kind of greeting do they use?
Is it formal or informal?
What cultural elements can you identify in this conversation?
How would you continue this conversation?
Scenario 2: At a coffee shop
Customer: «Excuse me, please.»
Barista: «Good morning! How can I help you?»
Customer: «Could I have a coffee, please?»
Barista: «Of course! Here you are.»
Customer: «Thank you very much!»
Barista: «You’re welcome. Have a nice day!»
Comprehension Questions for Scenario 2:
How many polite expressions can you identify in this dialogue?
Why does the customer start with «Excuse me»?
What makes this a formal or polite conversation?
How could you make this conversation more casual?
What time of day is this conversation taking place?
How do you know?
Regional Variations
In British English, you might hear «Cheers» instead of «Thank you» or «Goodbye» In American English, «How are you?» is often shortened to «How’re you?» In Australian English, «G’day» is a common informal greeting.
Practice these phrases regularly in different contexts to become more comfortable with them. Remember that body language and tone of voice are also important parts of greeting someone in English-speaking cultures.
Daily Communication & Basic Greetings
A Day at School Characters
Emma – A friendly girl Tom – A cheerful boy Ms. Lily – Their teacher
Morning Greetings
• Emma: Hi, Tom! Good morning!
• Tom: Good morning, Emma! How are you today?
• Emma: I’m great, thanks! How about you?
• Tom: I’m good too! Did you do your homework?
• Emma: Yes, I did! It was easy.
In the Classroom
• Ms. Lily: Good morning, class!
• Students: Good morning, Ms. Lily!
• Ms. Lily: How is everyone today?
• Emma: I’m happy!
• Tom: I’m a little sleepy!
• Ms. Lily: That’s okay! Let’s start our lesson.
Asking for Help
• Tom: Emma, can you help me, please?
• Emma: Sure! What do you need help with?
• Tom: I don’t understand this word.
• Emma: Oh, it means «big.» Like a big apple!
• Tom: Oh! Now I understand. Thanks, Emma!
• Emma: You’re welcome!
Break Time & Talking About Food
• Tom: Emma, what’s for lunch today?
• Emma: I have a sandwich and an apple. What about you?
• Tom: I have pasta and some juice.
• Emma: Yum! Do you like apples?
• Tom: Yes, I do! What’s your favorite fruit?
• Emma: I love bananas!
Saying Goodbye
• Emma: Bye, Tom! See you tomorrow!
• Tom: Bye, Emma! Have a nice day!
• Emma: You too!
Key Phrases to Learn
Greetings:
Good morning! / Good afternoon! / Good evening!
How are you? / I’m fine, thank you!
Daily Communication:
Can you help me, please?
What do you have for lunch?
Do you like apples?
Goodbye Phrases:
See you tomorrow! Have a nice day!
Dialogues. next step
Characters:
Emma (16 years old)
Jake (17 years old)
Mrs. Johnson (Teacher)
Mark (18 years old, a new student)
Morning Greetings at School
(Emma and Jake meet in the hallway.)
Emma: Hey, Jake! Good morning! How are you?
Jake